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Immortale Dei
''Immortale Dei'' written in 1885 is one of five encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII on Church-State relations.
==Context==
The encyclical ''Immortale Dei'' of Pope Leo XIII, Concerning the Christian Constitution of States (''De Civitatum Constitutione Christiana''), was issued November 1, 1885, during the ''Kulturkampf'' in Germany, and is a reaffirmation of ecclesiastical rights.
According to Michael L. Brock, the Church's position has always been that there exist two orders, the supernatural and the natural, that in the latter the governing body has (or is delegated) priority and in the former the Church has priority, and that governments are natural institutions which should be respected.〔(Brock, Michael L., "Pope Leo XIII: a Critique of the Modern World", ''Faith & Reason'', Winter 1975-76 )〕 "To despise legitimate authority, in whomsoever vested, is unlawful, as a rebellion against the divine will, and whoever resists that, rushes willfully to destruction," (...) however, "To wish the Church to be subject to the civil power in the exercise of her duty is a great folly and a sheer injustice. Whenever this is the case, order is disturbed, for things natural are put above things supernatural ...
It is the Church, and not the State, that is to be man's guide to heaven. ... It is to the Church that God has assigned the charge of ... administering freely and without hindrance, in accordance with her own judgment, all matters that fall within its competence.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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